.
ࡱ > 7 bjbjUU " 7| 7| (m l t t t | X H H H \ 8 > Z , \ ( $ f N i H H H j H H j G H H G `8}
\ { G G 0 G ; G \ \ H H H H 8B0 @0 >18=7>=5 @C7> MB> 8AB>@8O, 2 B5G5=85 4;8B5;L=>3> 2@559 ?@82;5:0B5;L=>AB8. AB0BL5 845B @5GL > @07;8G=KE 25@A8OE AN65B0 > >18=7>=5 @C7>, > 48D8:0F8OE 8AB>@88, @0AA:070==>9 . 5D>. 2B>@ 0=0;878@C5B 2;8O=85 . 5D> =0 ?>A;54CNICN 2CN ?@8:;NG5=G5A:CN ;8B5@0BC@C. A=>2=>5 2=8AB@0=AB25==>- 2@59 45;8 >AB@>20 2 ?@>872545=8OE . . !B825=A>=0, 6. . 0@@8 8 @07;8G8OAB@>2=>9 8458 2 B2>@G5AB25 @07=KE ?8A0B5;59. .'+ ! : >AB@>2, @50;L=>5 8 A:07>G=>5 ?@>AB@0=AB2>, B>?>A, 4520;L20F8O >1I5AB20. 0AA:07 > >18=7>=5 @C7>, >4=0 87 8AB>@89, ?@>872545==KE @8B0=A:>9 A8E ?>@ A>E@0=O5B A2>N ?@82;5:0B5;L=>ABL, :0: 2 @8B0=88, B0: 8 2 4@C38E AB@0=0E, 55 4>?>;=ONB, ?5@5@010BK20NB, 8=B5@?@5B8@CNB, 040?B8@CNB. > MB> ?@>872545=85 AB0;> =525@>OB=> ?>?C;O@=K4K A2>53> ACI5AB2>20=8O. 01>B0 . 5D> 1K;0 ?5@52545=0 =0 D@0=FC7A:89 O7K: 2 1 9 1 7 3>4C. 5@52>4 MB>B ?5G0B0;AO A =51>;LH8<8 8=B5@20;0;;0=4A:89 ?5@52>4 2KE>48; 2 1 7 2 1 , 1 7 3 6 , 1 7 5 2 , 1 7 9 1 33. 3@><=K9 8=B5@5A :=830 2K720;0 2 5@, GB> ?>?C;O@=>ABL >18=7>=0 @C7> 8 8=B5@5A : =53@> =5 1K; ?5@2K @0AA:070; MBC 8AB>@8N. =B5@5A : ?>25AB2>20=8O3> @>40 2>7=8: ?@8 70 AB> ;5B 4> ?>O2;5=8O >18=7>=0 @C7> . 5=5AA0=A=0O 2@>?0, 708=B5@5A>20==0O 2 8AA;54>20=88 =>2KE B5@@8B>@89, >B:@KB8OE, B>@3>2;5, @5?;020=88, C65 A;KH0;0 @07=>3> @>40 ?>25AB2>20=8O, 4>:C65AB25==K5, 70B@03820NI85 MBC B5;;5:F8N B0:8E @0AA:07>2 ?@54AB02;O5B, =0?@8@=8:5 V o y a g e s . 5D> 65, 24>E=>2;5==><C MB8<8 @0AA:070AL 2K:@8AB0;;87>20BL =081>;55 ?>;=>25A=>5 ?>25AB2>20=85, 2 F5=B@5 :>B>@>3> 35@>8G5A:89 ?5@A>=06, 2K=C645==K9 ACI5AB2>20BL 2 >48=>G5AB25 =0 70B5@O==KE 754>;520NI89 A0>1@07=K5 3>G8A;5==K5 B@C4=>AB8, 8 B@8C 4>AB830NI89 A2>59 F5;8. 5D> C40;>AL A>740BL 45;L @>18=7>=04K =0AB>;L:> ?>;=CN 8 A04>AB0B>G=CN ?> A2>59 ACB8, GB> ?@527>9B8 55 >:070;>AL =52>76=K =5>1E>48<K<. 5AB@O =0 B>, GB> B518=7>=04K :@0A=>9 =8BLN ?@>E>48B A:2>7L 2A5 ;8B5@0BC@=>5 =0A;5485 @8B0=88 2?;>BL 4> %% 25:0, >A=>2=0O G0ABL ?@>872545=89 O2;O5B A>1>9 48D8:0F88 ?5@2>=0G0;L=> 7040==>9 45;8. 0=3;89A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 6=> >B;L:> =081>;55 7=0G81I5=5, ?@>872545=89 =0 B518=7>=04K: M a s t e r m a n R e a d y $@545@8:0 0@80B0 ( 1 8 4 1 3. ) , C o r a l I s l a n d . . M;;0=B09=0 ( 1 8 5 8 3. ) , T r e a s u r e I s l a n d . . !B825=A>=0 ( 1 8 8 1 1 8 8 2 33. ) , P e t e r P a n a n d W e n d y 6. . 0@@8 ( 1 9 1 1 3. ) , L o r d o f t h e F l i e s #. >;48=30 ( 1 9 5 4 3. ) . 5>1E>48 >B >3@>5 2;8O=85 =0 @0728B85 MB>9 B5:070;8 B0:85 02B>@K :0: . . CAA>. - A5@L57=> @0AA18=7>=0 @C7> , >= B0:65 @540:B8@C5B 8 >D>@ ?@>872545=85. CAA> C18@05B 2B>@>9 8 B@5B89 B>, C40;O5B =0G0;L=CN G0ABL ?>25AB2>20=8O, @0AA:07K20NICN > 687=8 >18=7>=0 4> B>3>, :0: >= ?>?0405B =0 >AB@>2, 0 B0:65 D8=0; 8AB>@88, >?8AK20NI89 A>1KB8O ?>A;5 >BJ5740 >18=7>=0 =0 @>48=C . >18=7>= @C7> ?>425@305BAO 3>G8A;5==K< 87<5=5=8OBL 4> B0:8E 45B0;59, :0: 87JOB85 OB=8FK 87 B5:AB0 ?>GB8 ?>;=>ABLN, >AB05BAO ;8HL =57=0G8B5;L=>5 C?> =5<. 5@5AB@C ?>425@305BAO 8 1>;LH8=AB2> @5;838>7=KE 8 ?5G0;L=KE @0718=7>=0 > 687=8. 7 @C: CAA> ?>25AB2>20=85 2KE>48B A25BA:8A>2@5<5=5==K=0;878@>20==KB>2K< : 40;L=59H8@<0F8O A>AB>8B 2 B> 87 :0B53>@88 P a s t i m e R e a d i n g f o r t h e N o n - L i t e r a r y ?@>872545=85 5D> ?5@5E>48B =0 =>2K9 C@>25=L T e x t b o o k o f t h e T i m e s . @8B D0:B, GB>, =5AB@O =0 3>G8A;5==K5 8740=8O 8 ?5@58740=8O >18=7>=0 , MB0 :=830 AG8B0;0AL 2 =3;88 ;8HL ?>?C;O@=>9 8 >A>1KGB5=85;L7>20;0AL. 8B5@0BC@=K9 2:CA A>2@52 2>A?8BK20;AO =0 ?@>872545=8OE >C?0 8 !28DB0, 2A;54AB285 G53> @01>B0 5D> 2>A?@8=8, =0E>4OI55AO =865 7040==>3> C@>2=O. A25B 2KE>4OB CB5H5AB28O C;;825@0 !28DB0 ( 1 7 2 6 3. ) O@:0O 8 65AB>:0O ?0@>48O =5 B>;L:> =0 >18=7>=0 @C7> 5D>, => 8 =0 25AL 60=@ 2 F5;><. 8 1;03>40@O CAA> 8 4@C38@0=B8=5=B0;L=>9 2@>?K B518=7>=04K ?>;CG8;0 @0728B85, 0 70B5G=> 2>H;0 2 B@048F8N 1@8B0=A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K. 0 CAA> A;54CNB 4@C385 ?5@5?8AG8:8 : K a r l W e t z l a r 8 J o a h i m H e i n r i c h C a m p e , GL8 =51=>2;5==K5 25@A88 2KE>4OB 2 1 7 7 9 3. J o h a n D a v i d W y s s 2 1 8 1 4 3. 2 5@9 20@80=B F a m i l y R o b i n s o n C r u s o e : o r J o u r n a l o f a F a t h e r S h i p w r e c k e d w i t h h i s W i f e a n d C h i l d r e n o n a n U n i n h i b i t e d I s l a n d . 5@2>=0G0;L=>5 =0720=85 C h a r a k t e r i s t i k M e i n e r K i n d e r i n e i n e r R o b i n s o n a d e 4>AB0B>G=> :@0A=>@5G82>. @8, GB> MB0 25@A8O >18=7>=0 1K;0 A@07C 65 ?5@52545=0 =0 0=3;89A:89 O7K: 8 4> A8E ?>@ O2;O5BAO >4=8;55 ?>?C;O@=KE ?@>872545=89 45BA:>9 8 N=>H5A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K. 0=> 8725AB=> ?>4 =0720=859 ;8B5@0BC@5 B518=7>=04K AB0=>28BAO 0:BC0;L=>9 2 %I % 25:5, : =59 >1@0I0NBAO 385 ?8A0B5;8, 8A?>;L7CO 25AL AN65B F5;8:>B45;L=K5 53> M;5F80F88 A >18=7>=> . >AB0B>G=> B@C4=> A:070BL, GB> 8A?>;L7CNB 02B>@K MB8E ?@>872545=89: >@838=0;L=CN 25@A8N 8;8 65 25@A8N CAA>, => ?@0:B8G5A:8 2A5 >=8 C?>1 >3@> =0 8E B2>@G5AB2>. @8G8=K 2>7=8:=>25=8O 8=B5@5A0 : B518=7>=04K 8 2 %I % 25:5 3CB AB0BL ?@543> 8AA;54>20=8O. 40==>9 AB0BL5 G8B0B5;N ?@54;0305BAO >17>@ C?>18=7>=04 , MB> ?>72>;8B :@0B:> >1@8A>20BL =5:>B>@K5 E0@0:B5@=K5 87=F5?F88 @>18=7>=04K =0 ?@>BO65=88 F5;>3> 25:0. "0:, $. 0@80B 2 M a s t e r m a n R e a d y A1>7=0G5==K5 CAA>, 0 70B5<, 8 ?@8405B B52>5 72CG0=85. 0@80B O2;O5BAO O@:8< ?@54AB028B5;5@80=A:>9 M?>E8, =5 B>;L:> =>A8B5;5 8 70I8B=8:>A=>2=KE 28:B>@80=A:8E F5==>AB59. 53> ?@>872545=88 206=59H82OBAO @5;838>7=>ABL, ?0B@8>B87<, A5ABL. A2>N >G5@54L, M;;0=B09= ?@52@0I05B ?>25AB2>20=85 > @>18=7>=045 2 GB5=85 4;O 2. >O2;5=85 MB>3> ?@>872545=8O AG8B05BAO 206=K9 8 N=>H5A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5, B0: :0: 8 >=> 40;> =>2K9 28B>: 55 @0728B8O . "0:, ?5@2>5 ?@54;>65=85 >@0;;>2>3> >AB@>20 72CG8B B0:: R o w i n g h a s a l w a y s b e e n , a n d s t i l l i s , m y r u l i n g p a s s i o n , t h e j o y o f m y h e a r t , t h e v e r y s u n s h i n e o f m y e x i s t e n c e . ">=, 7040==K9 02B>@> >B;8G05BAO >B B>3>, GB> ?@54;030; 5D>. A;8 35@>9 5D> >A>7=05B A2>5 65;0=85 ?CB5H5AB2>20BL 2 ?>8A:0E ?@8:;NG5=89 8 >B:@KB89 :0: =5GB> =5>1KG=>5, =5 ?@8=8<055 >1I5AB25==>9 @0;LN, B> 35@>8 M;;0=B09=0 A>25@H5==> =5 >ICI0NB ?>4>1=>3> 2=CB@5==53> :>=D;8:B0. >AB5?5==> AB0=>28BAO >G5284=>9 A@8B5B>2, 871I5AB25==>7=0=88, @0;8, F5==>ABOE. >@0;;>2K9 >AB@>2 =0?@OO2;5=8N AB@>20 A>:@>28I !B825=A>=0 8 :>A25==> : 8B5@C M=C 8 5=48 0@@8. 5B5@:8= M;;0=B09=0, A0=06 =0 >@0;;>2>AB@>25, ?>AB5?5==> AB0=>28BAO 3;02=K5<, ?@82;5:0O : A515 2=859 =5?>A@54AB25==>ABLN. -B>B ?5@A>=06 2>A?@8=8- ;81> A5@L57=>5, >?0A=>5, 0 :0: 83@C, 70102C, GB> 2?;>B=CN ?@81;8605B 53> : >1@07C 8B5@0 M=0, A>740==>=>2A:89 68<N >G5@54L, A>G5B05B 2 A515 2A5 G5@BK 3;02=>3> 35@>O- 4=>9 AB>@>=K, >= 4>AB0B>G=> @50;8AB8G5=, A 4@C3>9 >1;0405B B0:8<8 5AB5AB25==K<8 :0G5AB2025@85, AB@0E @04>ABL, 4>25@G82>ABL 8 45BA:0O 682>ABL E0@0:B5@0. > 2 B> 65 2@5= 4>AB0B>G=> 020=BN@5=, GB>1K ?CAB8BLAO 2 ?;020=85 8 CG0AB2>20BL 2 ?>3>=5 70 A>:@>28I0A;K<8. M= C 0@@8 B0:65 ?@8=8A;KE, O2;OOAL ?>;=>2;0AB=K7O8=>AB@>25 51K20;>74=55 >;48=3 ?@52@0I05B 8450;878@>20==CN @>18=7>=04C M;;0=B09=0 8 D0=B0AB8G5A:CN 0@@8 2 A>1AB25==CN 0=B8CB>?8G5A:CN 18=7>=04C, 2 :>B>@>9 A@BO MB> ?@>872545=85 ?> A2>59 ACB8 4>AB0B>G=> O2=> ?5@5:;8:05BAO A CB5H5AB28O18=7>=040 >;48=30 ?@54AB02;O5BAO 1>;55 B@038G=>9 8 157=0456=>9, G5< <@0G=0O A0B8@0 !28DB0. "518=7>=04K 2 2>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 6=> @0AA4O 87 0=0;870 @07;8G=KE 55 0A?5:B>2. (8@>G09H85 2>76=>AB8 4;O 8AA;54>20=89 >B:@K20NBAO, 5A;8 @0AA?;>I5=85 B518=7>=04K 2 @07;8G=KE A>F80;L=KE, :C;LBC@=KE, 8AB>@8G5A:8E :>=B5:AB0E, 2 @07;8G=KE =0F8>=0;L=KE :8=53@0D0E ( 8B0;LO=A:>;;82C4A:>< 8 4@. ) . =B5@5A=59H85 @57C;LB0BK 65B 40BL 0=0;87 87>1@065=8O ?@8@>4K 8 ?@8@>4=KE O2;5=89 2 @>18=7>=040E, 7=0G5=8O A5<L8 8 A5AB8, A>>B=>H5=8O 3;02=KE 35@>52 ( 8E 2>7@0AB, AB0BCA, ?>;, 8 ?@>G. ) . 5157K=B5@5A=> B0:65 8AA;54>20=85 ?@852 87>1@065=8O 01>@835=>2 / 48:0@59 / ?>:8=CBKE =0 >AB@>25 ?5@A>=0659 8 3>5 4@C3>5. 40==>9 65 AB0BL5 E>B5;>AL 1K >1@0B8BL 2=8;55 C7:89 0A?5:B @>18=7>=04K 2 @09 45BA:>9 8 N=>H5A:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K: @0AAB@5BL ?@>AB@0=AB25==>- 2@5<5==CN 45;L >AB@>20, ?@8ACBAB2CNICN 2 ?@>872545=8OE . . !B825=A>=0 AB@>2 A>:@>28I 8 6. . 0@@8 8B5@ M= 8 M=48 . 5>1E>48 >B 5D> =045;O5B ?@>AB@0=AB25==>- 2@5<5==CN 45;L >AB@>20 =5A:>;L:8A=>2=K<8 G5@B08E =0AG8BK20NB, ?> :@09=59 <5@5, A5A=>2=K5 G5@BK 2?>A;54AB288 1>;55 8;8 ;=> ?@8ACBAB2CNB 8 2 ?@>AB@0=AB25==>- 2@5AB@>5=8OE 4@C38E ?8A0B5;59. 5D> =5 405B :>=:@5B=KE A2545=89 > @0A?>;>65=88 >AB@>20, 6=> ;8HL ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> >= 70B5@O= 2 @A:8E ?@>AB>@0E N6=KE H8@>B, G5>B25BAB2CNB >?8A0==0O D0C=0 8 D;>@0, =0?><8=0NI0O =01 M:7>B8:5 N6=KE B@>?8G5A:8E AB@0=. -B>B >AB@>2 =5>18B0525@H5==>, A;54>20B5;L=>, G5;>25:C, ?@54AB02;ONI518=7>=C @C7>, ?@8E>48BAO 4>;3> 8 ?@8A?>A01;820BLAO : GC6>@>9 2@06451=><C :@0N. 1O70B5;L=K9 M;5<5=B ?@8ACBAB285 @835=>2, 48:0@59, :>B>@K5, 2?@>G5AB@>25, 0 ;8HL A25@H0NB =0 53> 15@530E A2>8 AB@0H=K5 :0==810;LA:85 @8BC0;K. @81KB85 >18=7>=0 =0 >AB@>2 A>?@>2>6405BAO 1C@59, GB> 3C18B :>@01;L, =0 :>B>@>, 8 >=, 548=AB25==> A?0AH89AO, >:07K205BAO =0 GC6>< 15@53C. C@O MB0 A8;8G5A:8 ?5@5G5@:8205B 2AN ?@54K4CICN 687=L >18=7>=0, G5B:> >B45;OO ?@>H;>5 >B =0AB>OI53>. @C7> ?@>AK?05BAO =0 =5>18B05AB@>25 OA=K =>20O 687=L, A =>2>3> ;8AB0, A A>AB>O=8O @515=:0, 701@>H5==>3> 2 =>2K9 <8@, =5 8 5I5 =8 >?KB0 687=8 2 MB>< 1E>48, =5AB@O =0 2A5 ?@5?>=K, :>B>@K5 ?@8E>48BAO ?@5>4>;520BL >18=7>=C, 53> 687=L =0 >AB@>25 AB0=>28BAO 8AB>@859 =5 ?@>AB> G5;>25:0, 0 8AB>@859 B@8C<D0 F828;870F88, 8=>F80;L=>2>73;0H0O :0: 2KAHCN F5==>ABL 3@0640=A:89 ?0B@8>B87AE>4AB2> F828;87>20==>3> G5;>25:0 =04 ?@8@>4=>9 AB8E859. 5AB>@0A?>;>65=85 >AB@>20 :0: 206=59H53> ?@>AB@0=AB25==>3> M;525AB2>20=89 > @>18=7>=045, B ?@>872545=8O : ?@>872545=8N, =0G8=0O A ?@>AB@0=AB2 0@81A:>3> 10AA59=0 2 >18=7>=5 @C7> , 2AB@0;88 C 0@80B0 8 4> AB@>20 !>:@>28I . . !B825=A>=0, => >=> 2A5340 8;55 8;8 ?@545;5==K5 :>>@48=0BK; 02B>@K 40NB G5B:>5, 4>AB0B>G=> ?>4@>1=>5 >?8A0=85 A03> >AB@>20 8 53> ;>:CA>2, ?@8 MB><8=05<0O 45B0;L 8?@545;5==>5 7=0G5=85. . . . =0 AB>; 2K?0;0 :0@B0 :0:>3>- B> >AB@>20 A C:070=85BK 8 4>;3>BK, A >1>7=0G5=8O2 4=0, A =0720=8O;2, 70;82>2 8 1CEB. >>1I5 745AL 1K;> 2A5, GB> 65B ?>=04>18BLAO, GB>1K 157 2AO:>3> @8A:0 ?>4>9B8 : =5254>AB@>2C 8 1@>A8BL O:>@L . 40;55 B>G=59H55 C:070=85 =0 :0@B5: >7;5 ?>A;54=53> :@5AB8:0 B5<8 65 :@0A=K<8 G5@=8;0 =0?8A0=> <5;:8< G5B:8G5@:>2A5E>68G5@: :0?8B0=0: ;02=0O G0ABL A>:@>28I 745AL . B0:, >G5284=>, GB> >AB@>2 @>18=7>=04K :>=F0 %I % 25:0 =5 O2;O5BAO 2 ?>;=>< A<KA;5 70B5@O==K =5, 8 >?8A0=85, :>>@48=0BK M?>E0 >B:@KB8O H;0, G5;>25: >ICI05B A51O ?>;=>F5==K7O8=> 2A5 65 ?CB5H5AB285 =0 >AB@>2 2A5 5I5 >AB05BAO >?0A=K< ?@8:;NG5=85@ =5>6840==>3> 8 =5?@542845==>3> A@010BK205B, E>BO MB> 2K720=> 2 1>;LH59 2545=8552, =565;8 ?@8@>4=K<8 A8;0 1K;> C 5D>. >B;8G85 >B 35@>52 5D> 8 M;;0=B09=0, ?5@A>=068 !B825=A>=0 >B?@02;ONBAO =0 :>=:@5B=K9 >AB@>2 ?> A2>59 2>;5, F5;5CAB@5 8 =5 157 >?@545;5==>9 ?>43>B>2:8. CB5H5AB285 ?@52@0I05BAO =5 2 ?@8:;NG5=85, 0 2 ?@54?@8OB85, :>B>@>5 4>;6=> ?@8=5AB8 =54C 53> CG0AB=8:0<, B0:8< ?@54AB05B ?5@54 =018=7>= =>2>3> 2@5 A0ABL, 45;>20O E20B:0, B0:B8:0, ;>38:0. !B825=A>=>2A:89 >AB@>2 AB0=>28BAO ?;0F40@B>@>@0G8205BAO :>=D;8:B- ?@>B82>AB>O=85 465=B;L2 ?@>B82 ?8@0B>2 . "0:81@07>==K9 :>=D;8:B ?5@5=>A8BAO 87 ?@>AB@0=AB20 B@048F8>==>9 28:B>@80=A:>9 =3;88 =0 ?@>AB>@K >AB@>20, >B A>F80;L=>- :C;LBC@=KE >3@0=8G5=89 : 8E CAB@0=5=8N, >B =52>76=>AB8 459AB28O : 157=0:070==>AB8. @>AB@0=AB25==K5 ;>:CAK >AB@>20 >1>7=0G5=K <8=8, :0: A2>5>1@07=K9, =5>1KG=K9 D>=, >BB5=ONI89 7=0G8ABL A>1KB89, @0728B85 E0@0:B5@>2 35@>52, 0 B0:65 B5E 459AB289, :>B>@K5 =8:>340 1K =5 A3;8 ?@>87>9B8 =0 D>=5 AB0@>9 B@048F8>==>9 =3;88. >25AB2>20=85 :>=B@0AB=> ?5@552 8 ;8=8N AN65B0 2 >AB@>2=>5 ?@>AB@0=AB2>, >:CB0==>5 @><0=B8G5A:8AB@>2 2=5H=5 =5?@82;5:0B5;5=: >;LHCN G0ABL >AB@>20 ?>:@K20;8 B5>1@07=K9 A5@K9 F25B ?@5@K20;AO :>5- 345 2 ;>618=0E 65;B87=>9 ?5AG0=>3> 15@530 8 75;5=LN :0:8E- B> 2KA>:8E 45@52L52, ?>E>68E =0 A>A=K. 1I89 284 >AB@>20 1K; 2A5 65 >G5=L >4=>>1@075= 8 <@0G5= . MB> ?@>AB@0=AB2> B08B 2 A515 A>:@>28I0, 1>30BAB2>. >, =5AB@O =0 020=BN@=>5, @>5 =0G0;> AB@>20 !>:@>28I 8 2A5 =5>1E>48AB@>2 ?@54AB05B ?5@54 G8B0B5;5G5=L @50;8AB8G=K<. !0@ >B & :0@B0 1K;0 >A=>2>9 ?>25AB2>20=8O. / 3 1K 4065 A:070BL, GB> >=0 1K;0 8@ 4>;65= 7=0BL A2>N ABL, @50;L=CN 8;8 2>>1@06058 ?OBL ?0;LF52 . =0=85 2>AA>7402053> ?@>AB@0=AB20, B. 5. 7=0=85 B>?>A0 A>7402053> >AB@>20, ?>305B, ?> =0, =5 B>;L:> 871560BL >G5284=KE >H81>:, ?>4>1=KE B>9, GB> A>25@H8; 7=0BB ( 81 >9 , 2 :>B>@>< 70>B25BAB28O 70B@0G5==>3> =0 ?5@542865=85 2@5O=89, ?>:@KBKE 70 2@5 8 >1=0@C68BL =>2K5 A2O78 =0602K5 =N0=AK 8 =5>6840==K5 AN65B=K5 E>4K . ">G:8 7@5=8O !B825=A>=0 2 =5:>B>@>9 AB5?5=8 ?@845@6820;AO 6. . 0@@8, :>B>@K9, :AB0B8, 1K; 2 4@C65A:8E >B=>H5=8OE A> !B825=A>=>740=88 ?>25AB8 8B5@ M= 2 5=A8=3B>=A:8E A040E , A2>5>1@07=>3> ?@>B>B8?0 8B5@0 M=0 8 5=48 , 1>;LH>5 7=0G5=85 8G=>5 >B>1@065=85 ?;0=0 A04>2, 2 ?@>3C;>: 3;02=KE 35@>52. ?8AL<0E : M:M4=>@>2 B>3> 2@5AB8 B>G=>3> 87>1@065=8O !04>2 8 2A5E ;>:0;L=KE >1J5:B>2 . ;O 0@@8, :0: 8 4;O !B825=A>=0, 7=0=85 87>1@06059 AB8 8A:;NG8B5;L=> 7=0G8, =>, :0: B>;L:> 87 ?;>A:>AB8 @50;8AB8G=>AB8 ?>25AB2>20=85 ?5@5E>48B 2 ?;>A:>ABL A:07>G=>AB8 ( 8B5@ M= 8 5=48 ) , G5B:>ABL @0A?>;>65=8O >AB@>20 ?@>?0405B, 3@0=8FK @07 8 745AL 0@@8 >AB02;O5B =0ABLN 6=> A:070BL, GB> @>=0 1K; >G5=L 7=0G8<K4@060=8O !B825=A>=C =0G0;AO AB@>20 51K20;>3>. #?><8=0=85 84=8@>2 B2>@G5A:>9 1;87>AB8 42CE ?8A0B5;59. =0G0;5 1K;8 D>B>3@0D88 8 :><<5=B0@88 : 45BA:8< 83@0< =0 A256574CE5. ! ?>ILN 0@@8 >=8 1K;8 =0?5G0B0=K 8 ?>4H8BK 2 42CE M:754 =0720=8525 '5@=>3> 75@0 ( T h e B o y C a s t a w a y s o f B l a c k L a k e I s l a n d ) . @8 MB>D>@ ?5@2>5 8740=85 AB@>20 !>:@>28I 8 >4=>2@5 O2;O;>AL ?0@>4859 =0 >@0;;>2K9 AB@>2 8 !518=7>=>2 , 420 >G5=L ?>?C;O@=KE 45BA:8E ?@>872545=8O B5E ;5B . B72C:8 AB825=A>=>2A:>3> @>ICB8 ?@8ACBAB2CNB 2 ?@>AB@0=AB25==>- 2@59 45;8 >AB@>20 51K20;>3> ( N e v e r l a n d ) , 87>1@065==>3> 0@@8 2 8B5@5 M=5 8 5=48 ( 1 9 1 1 3. ) . AB@>2, :@>G8E ?5@A>=0659 ( A:07>G=KE 8 ?@8:;NG5=G5A:8E) , =0A5;ONB ?8@0BK 2 8E :;0AA8G5A:>20==>@>1@065=88, => 2K2545=K >=8 2 A:07:5 A 4>;59 9 8@>=88 8 ?0@>488. "0:81@07><, A=8ABL A8BC0F89 8 8E CG0AB=8:>2. "0:, =0?@8<5@, A@>=K 3;02=>3> 7;>45O, :0?8B0=0 @N:0 ( 53> =5>6840==0O 4>25@G82>ABL, =5;>2:>ABL, 45BA:85 AB@0E8) , A>>B25BAB2CNB F5;52>9 0C48B>@88 45BO<- G8B0B5;O<. 0B D0:B, GB> 2 8B5@5 M=5 2 5=A8=3B>=A:8E A040E B>?>A @50;L=> ACI5AB2CNI53> >AB@>20 =0 >75@5 !5@?5=B8= @07@01>B0= 45B0;L=> 8 ?@545;L=> B>G=>. > :0: B>;L:> 45;L >AB@>20 :0: >1J5:B82=>3>, @50;L=>3> B@0=AD>@G=>5 ?@>AB@0=AB2>, ?@8G53> ( G0ABL !04>2) , 0 :0: A0AB>OB5;L=0O AB@C:BC@0 ( >AB@>2 51K20;K9) , G5B:>ABL 53> >G5@B0=89 ?@>?0405B. >6=>, :>=5G=>, 2>7@078BL, GB> MB> A:07>G=>5 ?@>AB@0=AB2> 8 B@0=AD>@ 3CB 1KBL @07=>>1@07=K 15A:>=5G=>AB8. > 2 40==>< A;CG05 :06CBAO 7=0G8<K<8 :0: <8=8<C- ?5@2KE, 0@@8 2 =5:>B>@>9 AB5?5=8 ;5B0 =0 >AB@>2 ( 2 AF5=5, 2 :>B>@>9 8B5@ M= C2>48B 45B59 87 4> B>G=>, 2K45;5=> 2 >B45;L=K9 0170F, => C:070=85 2K3;O48B 4>2>;L=> 70304>G=K@>9 =0?@02> 8 ?>B>< ?@O 4> A03> CB@0 . ;;N78O AB0=>28BAO ?>=OB=>9, 5A;8 2A?> ?5@5?8A:5 !B825=A>=0 8 0@@8. ?>A;54=85 3>4K 687=8 !B825=A>= =0AB>9G82> ?@83;0H0; 0@@8 : A515 2 3>AB8, =0 >AB@>2 09;8<C, 8 2 ?8ALE>4, 84CI89 2 !0=- $@0=F8A:>, 9 >AB@>2>: 1C45B 2B>@K . 0@@8 B0: =8:>340 8 =5 A3 ?>1K20BL B0 G5G5=L A>60;5;, => A;>20 ?@83;0H5=8O 70?0;8 5<C 2 4CHC. "0:81@07>AB@>2 51K20;K9 ?@54AB05B ?5@54 G8B0B5;5;L:> :0: A:07>G=K9 B>?>A, => 8 :0: >1@07 =5A1K2H59AO A=>25 :>B>@>9 ;560;8 2?>;=5 @50;L=K5 D0:BK. >- 2B>@KE, 0@@8 D0:B8G5A:8 2?5@2K5 8A?>;L7C5B B>?>A >AB@>20 :0: 70:>=G5==>5, A0AB>OB5;L=>5 A:07>G=>5 ?@>AB@0=AB2> A> A2>81AB25==K< 2@5<5=5<, 2@5<5=5< ;>38G5A:8OI8< =0 <5AB5, B0:8< 65 =587<5==K=068, =0A5;ONI85 A:07>G=>5 ?@>AB@0=AB2>, 2 G0AB=>AB8, 8B5@ M=. > MB>3> 2 45BA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 @>;L ?>4>1=>3> ?@>AB@0=AB20 2K?>;=O5B G0ABL @50;L=>3> ( :0: !B@0=0 'C45A C . M@@>;;0) 8;8 F5;>AB=>5, ?0@0;;5;L=>5 @50;L=>AB@0=AB2> ( :0: B:@K20NI89AO 70 @0<:0??8=A ) . 2A5 65 MB> ?@>AB@0=AB2>, >1KG=> =5 83@0D8G5A:8E @0:. 0@@8 ?@>872>48B ?>GB8 @52>;NF8>==>5 87<5=5=85: B0:8;H51=K< 28BAO 8 >AB@>2. @8, GB> ?CB5H5AB285 =0 >AB@>2 8 C 0@@8, 8 C !B825=A>=0 MB> B@C4=K9 ?@>F5AA, B@51CNI89 1>;LH8E CA8;89 8 AAB8. @81KB85 3;02=KE 35@>52, :0: 8 2 :;0AA8G5A:>9 25@A88 5D>, A>?@>2>6405BAO 1C@59, @07;8G=K?0A=>ABOAB05BAO 2 682KE, C !B825=A>=0 68 2 ?>A;54=89 @0A:@K205B 703>2>@ ?8@0B>2, => 8 2 ?5@2> 2B>@>1I8, GB> ?@81KB85 =0 >AB@>2 =5 AB0=>28BAO 0:B>;L:> D878G5A:>3> ?@>B82>AB>O=8O ?@8@>4=K< AB8E8OO2;O5BAO C65 ?A8E>;>38G5A:>5 ?@>B82>AB>O=85, >B@060NI55 >B=>H5=8O =0601AB25==K9 2=CB@5==89 <8@. "0:81@07>AB@>25 AB0=>28BAO 8A?KB0=85B>@>5 =5<KA;8 2 1;03>?>;CG=>9 @8B0=88. AB@>2 A>7405B AB@0==8:028O 4;O MB>3> 8A?KB0=8O. -B> ;5A0 8 ?@5@88 C 0@@8, G0I8 8 A:0;K AB@>20 !>:@>28I C !B825=A>=0. AB@>2 ?@54AB05B :0: C<5=LH5==0O 45;L 1>8E ?8A0B5;59 ;5A0, 3>@K, 70;82K, @>4=8:8 8 ?@>G. @>3>, 3;02=KO< ( 8A?KBC5<K @07=K< ?@8G8=048BAO ?@>25AB8 =0 >AB@>25 4>AB0B>G=> 4;8B5;L=>5 2@5<O. 68:07K205BAO 2>2;5G5==K 2>5==K5 459AB28O <564C ?8@0B0B>40B5;O<8 , 5=48 8 55 1@0BLO A;54CNB 7065=8N 8B5@0 M=0 ?>1K20BL 2 2>;H51=>< <8@5 8 7045@6820NBAO B0?@545;5==>5 2@5 :0: 1K B> =8 1K;>, :0:85 1K >1AB>OB5;LAB20 =8 ?@825;8 C?>52 =0 >AB@>20, 8E ?@8ACBAB285 B0A>7=0==> 8 4>1@>2>;L=>. @8, GB>, =5AB@O =0 C?>1E>48ABL 7=0=8O 02B>@>53> B>?>A0, 2A5 65 >?8A0=85 :>=:@5B=KE ;>:CA>2 >AB05BAO <8=8<0;L=K<, ;8HL =0<5G5==K<, B0:81@07>2=> >AB02;O5B ?@>AB>@ 4;O G8B0B5;LA:>9 D0=B0788. 0@@8 @0745;O5B >AB@>2 =0 =5A:>;L:> A5:B>@>2: ?@5@88 >B40=K 8=459F02, ;5A A:@K205B ?>475B5@O==KE 45B59. AB@>25 !>:@>28I ?@>AB@0=AB2> >AB@>20 ?@54AB05B =57028A8<K1>4=K 53> >G5=L 1KAB@> 45;OB 1>9 2=>2L ?@81K2H85. @8 B0:65, GB> >AB@>20 2 42CE @0AA<0B@8205872545=8OE =5 O2;ONBAO =5>18B05<K= ?>AB@>2 =5AG0AB=>3>, 1@>H5==>3> 1K2H820@8I0B>@K9 =0 B@8 3>40 7045@60;AO =0 >AB@>25 ?@>B82 A2>59 2>;8. 1AB>OB5;LAB20 70AB02;ONB ?5@5AB@5BL 53> A2>N 687=L, => =>20O 687=L, :0: C >18=7>=0 @C7>, 4;O =53> =5 =0G8=05BAO. 5= ?@54AB05B 60;:81>@2KH5B>@K9 ?@>4>;60; A2>5 ACI5AB2>20=85, 2A5 MB> 2@5B>@K9 :>340- =81C4L ?@54AB028BAO. 0@@8 65 ?@54;0305B G8B0B5;N 3CAB> =0A5;5==K9 >AB@>2, >168BK9 ?>GB8 2A5<8 A0<K?C;O@=K=0609 8 A:07>G=>9 ;8B5@0BC@K: 8=459F0<8, ?8@0B0<8, D5O<8, 45BLB=K<8, @CA0;:0 ?5@5=0A5;5==>ABL 2>;H51=>3> >AB@>20 ;8HL 2848ABL, :064K9 =0@>45F 6825B A0 A515, C:;04 8E 687=8 =5 E>BOBAO 2 ?@5@88, => >AB0NBAO ?>- A2>5<C AB0B8G=K<8, =5 1>9 =5:89 AB5@5>B8? 35@>52 ?@8:;NG5=G5A:8E B5:AB>2; :>@01;L ?8@0B>2 >1@0AB05B @0:CH:0340 =5 >B?@028BAO 2 ?;020=85. 8B5@ M=, 25G=> N=K9, =587AB@>20, 7028A8B >B ?@8ACBAB28O 8B5@0 M=0, 2> 2@5 >B;CG5: 687=L =0 >AB@>25 702 A>:@>28I AB0=>28BAO 4;O 3;02=KE 35@>52 AB@0=AB2>3@0=8G5=89, ;8H5=89, =58A?>;=876=>AB59. ! >AB@>20 A1560BL =52>76=>, =5 CG0AB2>20BL 2 >1I51KB89 =5<KA;8, 35@>8 4>;6=K ?5@5AB@5BL A2>N B>G:C 7@5=8O, C15645=8O, D0:B8G5A:8 >=8 4>;6=K >1@0B8BLAO : A2>59 2B>@>9, =58725AB=>9 4> A8E ?>@ ?>;>28=5, >1=0@C68BL =>2K5, 2>76=> =5 A08 :0G5AB20. ! >AB@>20 >=8 C5760NB 87<5=82H8BO @>A?><8=0=8O ?@8ACBAB2CNB, 2@52545==>5 =0 >AB@>25, >AB05BAO 2 8E ?0<OB8 B5<=K25AB2>20=85 70:0=G8205BAO A;>2027@>A;52H53> 68<0: "5?5@L <5=O =8G5< =5 70B ?@>:;OBK9 >AB@>2. > A8E ?>@ =>G0 53> 15@530, 8 O 2A:0:820N A ?>AB5;8, :>340 ;>A 0?8B0=0 $;8=B0: 80AB@K! 80AB@K! 80AB@K! AB@>2 51K20;K9, =0?@>B82, O2;O5BAO 2>645;5==K< 45BA:8AB@0=AB2>76=> 2A5, 345 2A5 65B ?@>87>9B8, 345 >?0A=>AB8 8 8A?KB0=8O =5 =0AB>OI85, 0 m a k e - b e l i e v e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m a k e - b e l i e v e , ?>B><C 5, B. 5. 45=L38, 1>30BAB2>, >BACBAB2C5B =0 =530BAB2> 8 2A5 ?@>1;5<K, A2O70==K5 A =8<8, ?@8=04;560B A;KE, =0;L=> ?@>B82>?>AB02;5==><C <8@C 45B59 8 A:07:8) . !8;8G5A:818@0B5;L=K1@07>3> 27@>A;>3> 28BAO >B5F 5=48 8 55 1@0BL52 A>1=K9 2 ?>;=>9 A>7=0BL MF8>=0;L=>9 AB>@>=K A2>59 ;8G=>AB8, 2K@060NI89 A2>5 GC2AB2> B>A:8 ?> 45BO< 8 28=K ?5@54 =89 = ?@>AB> =5 A?>A>15=. "0:, =0?@8= ?5@5A5;O5BAO 68BL 2 1C4:C A2>59 A>10:8, B0: :0: AG8B05B, GB> =5 C15@53 45B59 8 =5 4>AB>8= =>@9 687=8, G5< 2K7K205B :0A:04 MF89 C A>A5459, 4>1@>?>@O4>G=KE 28:B>@80=A:8E 3@0640=. @0AAB@5==KE ?@>872545=8OE 6=> >B3> ?5@8>40 2 45BA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 ?@>8AE>48B ?>AB5?5==0O 4520;L20F8O >1I5AB20 8 @>;8 27@>A;KE, 0?>359 :>B>@>9 =01;N405BAO C >;48=30 C65 2 %% 25:5. AB@>2 !>:@>28I ?>:07K205B, =0A:>;L:> 1KAB@> 453@048@C5B >1I5AB2> 27@>A;KE, >:0702H55AO 2 =5?@82KG=KE 4;O 687=8 CA;>28OE. 684G8=OBLAO ?@028;0B>@K5 ?> ACB8 A2>59 ?@>B82>@5G0B 74@02><C A>1I5 @073@0=8G8205B 425 >1I=>AB8 27@>A;KE 8 45B59, :0: 1C4B> >=8 =5 2708A2O70=K 1>9. 7@>A;K9 @@5:F88, => 8776=K: 45B8 2K@0AB0NB 8 AB0=>2OBAO >@30=8G=>9 G0ABLN ACI5AB2CNI53> CAB@>9AB20. 5 65B 1KBL 8 @5G8 > :0:> =8 1K;> B@8C<D5 F828;870F88 8 8@55 2848B ?@>F5AA 55 453@040F88. "0:81@07><, <K 65=F5 %I % =0G0;5 %% 25:>2 ;=5=85 >A=>2=>9 AN65B0, >A=>2K 8458, 7040==>9 >18=7>=> . 70:;NG5=85 6=> >B, =5AB@O =0 65AB2> ?0@0;;5;59, 8<5NI8E 2 ?@>872545=8OE !B825=A>=0 8 0@@8, 2 =8E ?@8ACBAB2CNB B0:65 7=0G8B5;L=K5 @07;8G8O. !B825=A>=>2A:89 >AB@>2 :0: B>?>A >;8F5B2>@O5B A>1>9 >A>1K9 =5>@> 2@5;L7C5B M;5<5=B ;>38G=>AB8, 83@K, ?0@>488. , 5A;8 AB@>2 !>:@>28I !B825=A>=0 E0@0:B5@87C5BAO A>2@5<5==8:0AB8, . >=0=- >9;5;5?=>5 ?@>872545=85, >1@075F 4;O =0@>640NI53>AO ?>:>;5=8O %% 25:0, @02=>F5==K9 >18=7>=C @C7> 5D>, :>B>@K9 AB0; >1@07F>:>;5=8O 25:0 %I %, B> > ?@>872545=88 0@@8 6=> A:070BL, GB> >=> AB0;> =>2>9 25E>9 2 @0728B88 ;8B5@0BC@=>9 A:07:8, ?>A;5 :>B>@>9, 45BA:0O ;8B5@0BC@0 C65 =5 3;0 @072820BLAO 2 AB0@>A:0 1 , p . 3 7 . G R E E N , A=>A:0 1 . H U N T , P . A n I n t r o d u c t i o n t o C h i l d r e n s L i t e r a t u r e . O x f o r d , 1 9 9 4 , p. 241. HANNABUS, S. Ballantynes Message of Empire. In Imperialism and Juvenile Literature. Manchester, 1989, p. 5371. BALLANTYNE, R. M. The Coral Island. Penguin Popular Classics, 1995, p. 7. Biography and Children. A Study of Biography for Children and Childhood in Biography, 1993, p. 119120. GREEN, A=>A:0 1 , p . 3 6 3 9 . !" ! , . . AB@>2 !>:@>28I. '5@=0O AB@5;0. >A:20, 2 0 0 0 , A. 7 7 . !" ! , A=>A:0 9 . !" ! , A=>A:0 9 , A. 1 1 5 . S T E V E N S O N , R . L . M y F i r s t B o o k T r e a s u r e I s l a n d . I n A P e c u l i a r G i f t . 1 9 t h C e n t u r y W r i t i n g s o n B o o k s f o r C h i l d r e n , 1 9 7 6 , p . 4 1 8 . S T E V E N S O N , A=>A:0 1 2 . H U D S O N D . A r t h u r R a c k h a m . H i s L i f e a n d W o r k . L o n d o n , 1 9 7 4 , p . 1 8 0 . H U N T , A=>A:0 4 . B A R R I E , J . M . P e t e r P a n a n d W e n d y . M o s c o w , 2 0 0 0 , p . 4 4 . # , . . 7 8AB>@88 0=3;89A:>9 45BA:>9 ;8B5@0BC@K 1 8 1 9 22. >A:20, 1 9 7 5 , A. 1 7 5 . !" ! , A=>A:0 9 , A. 2 4 1 2 4 2 . B A R R I E , A=>A:0 1 6 , @. 1 3 1 . A P e c u l i a r G i f t . 1 9 t h C e n t u r y W r i t i n g s o n B o o k s f o r C h i l d r e n , 1 9 7 6 , p . 4 1 8 . P A G E 1 P A G E 1 3 " $ & > @ D
# # "- $- T7 V7 8 8 PC RC 0O 2O T] V] _ _ _ a a a a ^a b b b .o q q q @t Bt w w { 5>*CJ mHsH j 0J CJ UmHsH6CJ mHsH CJ mHsH j 0J UmHsH CJ mHsH mHsH 5mHsH0J 6>* B* mHph sHj 6UmHsH j 6UmHsH 6mHsH56mHsH5 P B D L
` : # $dh ]^`a$ $ @&dh ]^`a$ $hdh ^ha$ $ &
braas
black decker
tag heuer
stiga
online
orly
ielts
1
funke
.